Essay on Occupational Segregation - 994 Words

Occupational Segregation Since the beginning of time, from all accounts, there has been some form of inequality between genders in society. This has become especially true in the workplace and for some people occupational segregation may be to blame. Occupational segregation is the grouping of similar jobs at similar workplaces. Not to be confused with job segregation which looks at specific jobs within specific workplaces, occupational segregation focuses on the occupation as a whole. An example of an occupation would be middle school teacher. An example of a job would be 7th grade math teacher at Champion Middle School. We use occupation segregation in research because it is more broad and easier to get details. There are over 500†¦show more content†¦Finally, the pay gap is simply the obvious discrepancies between the pay of men and the pay of women, for the same job in many cases. All of these theories have explanations for the gap that seem logical. Each of the three ga ps have several breakdowns of reasons for the gap in promotion, pay and authority and I have pulled out some of the key points. The promotion gap theorizes that the gap is mainly caused by the more advanced training and education of men and the fields that men and women are typically working in. The theory is that women typically find themselves in job markets with little room for advancement. Men typically work in corporate environments with more of a job ladder and available opportunities. The authority gap explains that the gap can be attributed to women having less experience in authoritative roles so it’s harder to get that responsibility. The authority gap also states that women or people of color would have a harder time getting respect from their employees. Lastly the pay gap points out that the difference in pay can be attributed to the education and training of the employee. Facts reveal however, only one third of pay gaps show a significant difference in education or training. One thing I agree with is the fact that occupational segregation clearly exists and I don’t approve the idea of it. Unfortunately I just don’t feel that eliminating occupationalShow MoreRelatedThe Structural Inequality Between Men And Women875 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurrences in a women’s life, they are treated as an illness or something that will affect their work. They are automatically penalized for being able to conceive children, and are therefore unable to achieve equality. In addition to the occupational segregation of genders, the inequality continues in occupations where men and women work together. Women who have the same education, training, experience, skills and knowledge as men will get paid less for doing the same job. A major issue when discussingRead MoreRacial Segregation : Segregation And Segregation Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesRacial Segregation â€Å"Segregation is that which is forced upon an inferior by a superior. Separation is done voluntarily by two equals.† This is an important and powerful quote said by the late Malcolm X. From 1849-1950 segregation took place for a little over a century. Just 4 years after that, in Brown v. Board of Education the supreme court outlawed segregation in public schools. This was the starting point in putting an end to segregation nationwide. However, is segregation really abolished? OrRead MoreCape Town Is South Africa1659 Words   |  7 Pagesnations largest city. This capital city is known for is breathtaking landscapes and vibrant culture. However, Cape Town is home to a conflicted history in which is still evident in it’s urban fabric today. Apartheid, South Africa’s system of racial segregation created an immense divide in the populations of Cape Town. Not only was this divide social, but it was physical as well. Communities were segregated by race into varyin g townships. While this injustice was ended nearly two decades ago, inequalityRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Self Segregation Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pages Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Segregation Hadar Mustafa FAM12 Jun6, 2015 Racial segregation was one of the most controversial and pressing issues of the 20th century. Prior to the abolishment of this legislation, various countries, including America, practiced this racist policy. However, while the country has long banned segregation, there are nonetheless certain groups, both religious and ethnic groups, today that chose to exclude themselves voluntarily from the societyRead MoreWhat Can Educators Do For African Americans?815 Words   |  4 Pagesinadequately maintained. This substandard education contributed to feelings of inferiority, lowered self-esteem, and lowered self-concept in African American children, and resulted in decreased occupational opportunities for them as adults. On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school segregation was illegal. Still today the history of Brown v. Board of Education impacts all African Americans today. For the vast majority of African American students, desegregation has had a detrimentalRead MoreThe Complexities And Processes Of Racial Housing Discrimination877 Words   |  4 Pagesqualitative and quantitative data comprised of over 750 verified housing discrimination cases (Roscigno, p. 162). Citing the U.S. Census, it is found that Blacks, compared to Hispanics and Asians, continue to experience high levels of residential segregation. This is done through discriminatory practices, whether they be by exclusionary or non-exclusionary methods. Even after the passing of the Fair Housing Act in 1988, discrimination against Blacks and Hispanics decreased somewhat, though African AmericansRead MoreThe Young Man Of A Slave, Jarvius Cotton1230 Words   |  5 Pagespre civil rights era and simultaneously in a present day unequal democracy. The suppositions, arguments, and defenses of such struggles have been rationalized in terms of support of radicalized racial discrimination and exclusion in many occupational and social forms of contribution to social life. However, despite, having undoubtedly changed and evolved, the outcomes have remained predominantly static. One of the most visible and easily felt underpinnings of this reality is illustratedRead MoreGroup Research Project: Education and Occupations1901 Words   |  8 Pagesprohibit equal opportunity among students of different races. The facts to support this acquisition are placed in the following categories: ongoing racial segregation, unequal school resources, unequal academic opportunities, differential teacher quality, and differential discipline. Ongoing racial segregation reveals the educational segregation of African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans specifically. It is shown that areas, mostly urban, with higher rates of crime and mischievous behaviorRead MoreAnalysis Of Kaffir Boy : The True Story Of A Black Youth Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesoutnumbered the white populace. Therefore, many Afrikaners felt they did not have enough opportunities to compete for labor against the industries. Moreover, Saul Dubow stated â€Å"It has often been claimed that, as a result of colonial conquest and racial segregation, 87 per cent of South Africa’s land came to be owned by whites, who only constituted around 15 per cent of the population.† A system that blocked the black African population from taking jobs from the whites, seemed like a beneficial tactic forRead MoreAfrican Americans From The United States1727 Words   |  7 Pagesnot empower antebellum African Americans to rise and fall by their own merits when so many other avenues of socioeconomic advancement remained closed to them (194). Literacy mattered little in a society that restricted black people s access to occupational opportunities. After the Civil War and during the Reconstruction Period, African Americans began to exercise some of the rights of citizenship. They made great sacrifices in efforts to educate themselves and their children, and education became

Cognitive Aging As Related By Race - 1796 Words

Cognitive aging is the term to describe changes in cognition with age. While Salthouse (2004) found that with cognitive aging comes cognitive decline regardless of the individual, Hayden and partners (2011) found that most (65%) elderly persons showed slow decline that does not substantially affect abilities, 27% experienced moderate decline, and only 8% showed substantial cognitive decline. These new findings show that in fact there may be individual variability when it comes to cognitive aging. One factor shown to affect cognitive aging is race (Glymour and Manly, 2008). Thus, in this paper we will review and analyze findings pertaining to cognitive aging as related by race to better understand this relationship and will also discuss suggestions for future research. According to findings from Wilson, Capuano, Sytsma, Bennett, and Barnes (2015), cognitive aging differences were apparent between black persons and white persons. In their study, Wilson and partners drew older white and black participants with identical protocols from three longitudinal studies. In order to be part of the study, participants had to not have any signs of dementia at baseline and had to be similar in terms of age, cognition, and education. They found that blacks scored lower at all ages in semantic memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability, with the effect being stronger in older adults (Wilson et al., 2015). Interestingly, however, the decline rate for whites was found to be fasterShow MoreRelatedThe Aging Process Of Aging910 Words   |  4 Pagescycle which views aging as a study decline in functions, the life course perspective sees â€Å"growth and development as a lifelong process†(Novak, 2012), in other words, we as humans are constantly changing, evolving and adapting to the world we live in. Many studies delve into the aging process, physical, mental and emotional to name a few. These studies have been cross-sectional, longitudinal as well as using cohorts to develop conclusions that will enlighten and enhance the aging process in societyRead MoreResearch837 Words   |  4 Pageslatest guidelines confirm that regular exercise improves both the body and the mind. This is particularly helpful to older adults and the elderly. The guideline panel was systematically reviewed for the prevalence, prognosis, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment. The results revealed that the prevalence rate was 6.7 percent in people ages 60 to 64, 8.4 percent for 65 to 69, 10.1 percent for 70 to 74, 14.8 percent for 75 to 79, and 25.2 percent for 80 to 84. The result also found the cumulativeRead MoreDevelopmental Stage Analysis1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cognitive, and the psychosocial. Physical development consists of changes that take place with respect to the physical body throughout middle adulthood. 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Alzheimer s disease is a specific form of Dementia -- a psychological disorder that directly effects a person s cognitive functions as well as their behavioral abilities. According to Dr. Gary Wenk, professor of psychology at the university of Ohio, Alzheimer s disease consists of a series of degenerative changes in a variety of neurotransmitter systems. As these neurotransmittersRead MoreThe Depression Of Older Adult Depression1667 Words   |  7 Pages it is estimated that the older adult population will more than likely double by 2050 and of 80 million and many as 1 in 5 Americans would be considered as an older adult (US Department of Commerce, 1995). There are many losses that accompany the aging process. These include the loss of loved ones and their independence. They begin to feel as though they will depend on their families for the rest of their lives. These factors scare them and causes many of the individuals to suffer from depressionRead MoreHealth Literacy And Its Effe ct On Health1501 Words   |  7 Pageseducational attainment and/or race if literacy was not considered† (2006). They gathered about three thousand elderly people enrolling in Medicare to participate from Texas, Ohio, and Florida. To partake in the study, they had to possess adequate visual and cognitive function. After the criteria was met they participated in an in person survey. The dependent variables measured health status and receipt of vaccination, while the independent variables were age, gender, race, education, health literacyRead MoreCaring For Loved Ones : Elder Abuse Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect one in ten Americans (Roberto 2016). In 2014, it was estimated that almost 10% of Americans aged 60 or older experienced abuse (O’Brien 2015). Of the few studies that have been conducted, less than 15 were funded by the National Institute on Aging (National Research Council 2003). Results from these studies have indicated that elder abuse is a prevailing social issue that needs attention, according to the National Center on Elder Abuse, for every one case known, there are 24 that are unknownRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease ( Ad )1361 Words   |  6 Pagesto be entirely inherited. Because there are no cures for Alzheimer’s disease, researchers and scientists have taken a step back to observe and test possible measures that the population can extract from these studies to prevent and/or slow the cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease. Shan (2012) observed that the most recent evidence and theories include: â€Å"oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, prion/transmission, genetics, inflammation, and immune mechanisms.† (p. 35). Many of these items

Fiscal Policy and the Current Account

Question: Describe about the Fiscal Policy and the Current Account? Answer: Importance of International Trade to an Open Economy Such as the UK International trade plays a major role in the overall economic development of an open economy such as UK. For example, international trade enhances the domestic competitiveness and maintains the cost competitiveness in open economy. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, international trade also increase the sales, revenues and profits in the open economy by utilizing available resources effectively. At the same time, it can also be said that, international trade also helps an open economy in reducing the dependence on existing markets and stabilize seasonal market fluctuations. For example, international trade helped the UK in gaining a global market share in an effective and proper manner (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011).. Significance of Comparative Advantage Comparative Advantage is more significant and valuable because it helps the business firms and organizations in improving or enhancing their abilities to produce products or services at the lowest opportunity cost. In addition to this, it is found that, comparative advantages also provide significant opportunities to the nations or companies to investment in research development which can drive innovation and invention. Moreover, comparative advantage also encourages trade development in the nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, having comparative advantage in the current time is essential not only for the organizations but also nations for the economic and financial growth (Blanchard Milesi-Ferretti, 2012). Significance of Absolute Advantage Absolute advantages means an economy can produce an innovative and effective product at the lower cost as compare to the other nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, it is an ability of a business firm or a nation to provide and produce goods and services at the lowest price as compare to competitors by using same amount of resources. In addition to this, this also provides cost advantages or benefits to the nations or a company. Moreover, it also increases the scope of international trade in an economy effectively. For case, UK or USA can have absolute advantages over the India in producing and providing certain products or services (Baumol Blinder, A. (2010). Trade and Exchange Rates Trade: It can be defined as the transfer of ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Simply, it can be said that, it is all about direct exchange of goods as well as services for other goods and services or price. It also exits due to specialization and division of labor, Absolute Advantage, or Comparative Advantage (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). Exchange Rates: In the economics and finance, an exchange rate is also known as foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, FX rate. So, it can be said that, exchange rate is the rate between two currencies which one currency is exchanged for another. In the same way, it is the evaluation or measurement or value of a currency as compare to other. Describe the Structure of the Balance Of Payments Balance of Payment can be characterized as an efficient record of a country's financial exchanges and records among a nation and the rest of the globe during a pre-determined time-period. Simply, it is the difference between all receipts from foreign countries and all payments to foreign countries. So, that it is a process of systematic recording of financial and economic transaction of a nation with others (Stroup, 2007). The main structure of the BOP is given below: The balance of payments records all economic transactions between resident and non-resident entities during a particular time period. The EU was established on 1 November 1993 with 12 member states that have 28 member states (EU-28) in the present time. The European Union (EU) can provide mutual help to non-euro area member States if a member State is faced difficulties or seriously threatened with difficulties as regards its balance of payments. The below chart indicates the data of the balance of payments for the European Union (EU) and its Member States (European Commission, 2015). The below chart indicates the due to the global financial crisis during 2007-08 the EU balance of payment is decline or negative (account shortage) and after 2012 the balance of payment is positive means account surplus. In addition, the current account of the EU-28 was shown in the picture that was EUR 126.5 billion in 2014, representing to 0.9% of GDP (gross domestic product). In addition, in the past year (data for 2013), the current account surplus was EUR 155.5 billion that indicates the current year account surplus is decreased (European Commission, 2015). The decline current situation of account surplus and high up and down in the balance of the payment of EU indicates the risky situation of the international business. The fluctuation trend of the balance of payment of EU expresses the risky situation of the international business in the EU region. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The below picture indicates selected items of the financial account balance, 2014 (EUR billion) of the all 28 member states of the EU. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The above data indicates there were 20 EU Member States that reported current account surplus in 2014, while 8 recorded deficits. The large surplus reported by the Netherlands (10.3% of GDP), followed by Germany (7.6% of GDP), Ireland and Denmark (both 6.2% of GDP), while the largest deficits were in the United Kingdom (-5.5% of GDP) and Cyprus (-5.1% of GDP). In addition, Luxembourg (37.7% of GDP), Malta (20.4%), Croatia (16.8%) and Cyprus (15.1%) reported relatively large surpluses, while the Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland were the only EU Member States to report a current account deficit for services in 2014 (European Commission, 2015). At the same time, Ireland reported the largest surplus for goods relative to GDP (25.0%) as well as total of 17 EU Member States reported a deficit for goods, while only four Member States that reported largest surpluses for services. Surplus and deficit and the Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies Surplus and deficit: A trade surplus can be characterized as a surplus in the balance of trade and happens when the estimation of a nation's fares surpasses that of its imports. Conversely, a trade deficit is also called a trade gap that happens when imports surpass trades. Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies: Open economies, for example, UK with long term and large defect can draw in more financial specialists to purchase the bonds or put resources into the country. In Notwithstanding this, it can also expand the number of foreign investment in UK government bonds pushing up the exchange rate. Besides, it likewise assumes a noteworthy part in expanding the national sparing and subsequently upgrading the future national saving. Besides, it likewise expands the estimation of trade rates in the open economies adequately (Free, 2010). Role played by Exchange Rates in International Trade In the international trade, exchange rates play a lot of significant and more valuable roles. For case, exchange rates imply a nation expected to buy the measure of one unit of nation cash. Notwithstanding this, it is additionally found that; exchange rate plays a lot noteworthy part in the improvement and development in the worldwide exchange. For example, exchange rates assume a vital part in the economies in maintaining the balance of payment and balance of capital. Moreover, an exchange rate assumed an essential part in making an organization's fares or item less expensive than others. Then again, it is likewise examined that, exchange rate is also responsible to expanding the overall revenue or lessening the remote cost. In the same way, it can be said that, it assumed a noteworthy part in the general advancement of economies (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). The Advantages Attributed to the Adoption of a Single European currency The adaptation of a single European currency is important and beneficial in order to reduce a wide range of transactional costs and other costs effectively. For example, with a single currency, there is no more an expense included in evolving currencies. Notwithstanding this, it additionally assumed a noteworthy part in getting the advancement the business sector by advancing value straightforwardness in the business sector. Then again, it ought to likewise be noted down that, the fundamental preferences ascribed to the adjustment of single European money are: dispensing with conversion standard vulnerability. Change in swelling execution, low premium rates, advantages to the monetary division internal speculation (Baumol Blinder, 2010). The single European currency (Euro) is reduced the difficulty of the member state through the Commission and Member States is seeking medium-term financial assistance. The Member State is designed to achieve a sustainable balance of payments position through presents a draft adjustment programme in support of its application. The adjustment programme is discussed within the relevant EU bodies, so this program addresses difficulty itself to the Commission and Member States (European Central Bank, 2015). The single European currency (Euro) is seriously threatened with difficulties regarding its balance of payments. In addition, the Council takes a decision whether to grant mutual assistance to solve the difficulties as regards the member states balance of payments. In addition, European Central Bank also played major role in a settlement and invoicing currency in international trade in goods and services in EU countries. Difference between Free Trade and Protectionism Free trade is about opening markets and minimizing consumer prices. In contrast, protectionism is a significant policy of the nations that is used to protect home industries and business firms and their workers by providing subsidies for their production and imposing tariffs on competing foreign products. Additionally, free trade focuses on fostering economic growth by increasing trade for a nation. On the other hand, protectionism focuses on increase in the amount of imports. At the same time, it is also analyzed that, protectionism includes raising the price of imports via tariffs but free trade is about promoting international trade and business in the economy for the purpose of economic development and strong wealth of the nation (Stroup, 2007). Role Played by Tariffs, Quotas and Deregulation within the EU Tariffs: A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. Quotas: It can be defined as a legal quantity restriction placed on a good imported that is imposed by the domestic government. Importance of Geographic and Occupational Mobility in Wealth Creation Geographic Mobility: It has critical ramifications on the economy of a specific nation. Case in point, it assumed a noteworthy part in decreasing the unemployment by using the assets. Also, it is additionally improve the supply of work and profitability in the country that is a key for the monetary improvement and riches creation procedure of a country. Henceforth, it likewise diminishes the expenses inside of the country and gives opportunities. In this way, it can be said that, it assumes a vital part in riches creation (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011). Occupational Mobility: It also plays the major role in the wealth creation by increasing the supply of labor in particular industries. Moreover, different sources of employment can also be generated with the help of this that is essential in wealth creation. Role of the Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy EU is also known as largest political and economic union with approximate 28 member states that is located in the Europe. Moreover, it is also interpreted that, this union operates by an effective system of intergovernmental negotiated and supranational independent institutions decisions by the member states. Furthermore, there are various players in this union, these are listed as below: The Court of Justice of the European Union European Commission The European Parliament (Liebscher, 2005). The Council of the European Union The European Central Bank The Court of Auditors Moreover, the main role of Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy are discussed as below: To access the foreign markets in determining the Legitimising Policy To promote the concept of availability of goods or services at the cheaper price because of imports and increased competition (Schiek, 2012). Promoting the concepts of greater specializations and more efficient use of economic resources Promote a common understanding across member states about the barriers to integration Encouragement of free Trade Role Played by EU Directives There are various significant role played by the EU directives. For example, they play a major role in enforcing the free trade free movement and competition rules across the EU. In addition to this, they also established specific and effective common social policies, standards, rules and laws so that unemployment rate can be reduce in an effective and more significant manner. Apart from this, to provide guidelines and policies regarding the labor law, working conditions, and health and safety are also the major role played by EU directives. Hence, it can be said that, EU Directives are responsible for certain functions, and tasks within the EU (Zezza, 2012). ERDF and ESF Structure and Purpose of ERDF: The purpose of the ERDF is to help reinforce economic and social cohesion by redressing regional imbalances. This is achieved by supporting the development and structural adjustment of regional economies, including the conversion of declining industrial regions. In addition to this, it also provides direct and indirect support the the members (Liebscher, 2005). Structure and Purpose of ESF: The main aim or purpose of this organization is to support employment in the member states of the European Union as well as promoting economic and social cohesion. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, this is also responsible for the economic well being in the member counties and provides financial instruments to support the members nations in an effective and more significant manner (Tatzberger, 2008).. Profile of the EU as a Trading Bloc In the global trade, EU is one of the largest and prime organization and player in the global trading scene. The EU has achieved a strong position by acting together with one voice on the global stage, rather than with 28 separate trade strategies. The EU is the world's largest trading block. The EU is the worlds largest trader of manufactured goods and services. The EU is the top trading partner for 80 countries. By comparison the US is the top trading partner for a little over 20 countries. The EU is the most open to developing countries (Stroup, 2007). Significance of Linguistic, Cultural, Logistical and Environmental Barriers to EU Operations In the current time, there are several cultural, logistical and environmental factors or barriers that are affecting the growth and success of EU at the global level. For example, the differences in the cultural aspects and environmental due to different nations are affecting the operations of EU negatively. Moreover, religious, cross cultural communication and changes in the attitude and behavior of the members nations are also affecting the success of EU operations (Seiler, 2007). Possible EU Funding Stream European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) regional and urban development European Social Fund (ESF) social inclusion and good governance Cohesion Fund (CF) economic convergence by less-developed regions European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (Tatzberger, 2008). European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) Action Plan The list is given below: Development and implementation of new polices and standards Generating funding sources Utilization of available Resources Reduction in the operational and strategic costs References Abbas, S. A., Bouhga-Hagbe, J., Fats, A., Mauro, P., Velloso, R. C. (2011) Fiscal policy and the current account. IMF Economic Review, 59(4), pp. 603-629. Baumol, W. Blinder, A. (2010) Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy (11th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Blanchard, O., Milesi-Ferretti, G. M. (2012) (Why) Should Current Account Balances Be Reducedquest. IMF Economic Review, 60(1), pp.139-150. Free, R.C. (2010) 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook. USA: SAGE. Helpman, E., Itskhoki, O., Redding, S. (2010) Inequality and unemployment in a global economy. Econometrica, 78(4), pp. 1239-1283. Liebscher, K. (2005) European Economic Integration and South-East Europe: Challenges and Prospects. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. McEachern, W.A. (2011) Macroeconomics: A Contemporary Introduction (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Moomaw, R., Olson, K., McLean, W. Applegate, M. (2009) Economics and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Poulter, S. (2015). Oftel may end BT monopoly. Available At: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6789/b-Oftel-end-BT-monopoly-b.html[Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Riley, G. (2012). Unit 2 Macro: The UK Balance of Payments in 2011. Available At: https://beta.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/unit-2-macro-the-uk-balance-of-payments-in-2011 [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Schiek, D. (2012) Economic and Social Integration: The Challenge for EU Constitutional Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Seiler, W. (2007) Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Stroup, M. D. (2007) Economic freedom, democracy, and the quality of life. World Development, 35(1), pp. 52-66. Tatzberger, G. (2008) A Global Economic Integration Zone in Central Europe?: Vienna-Bratislava-GyÅ‘r as a Laboratory for EU Territorial Cohesion Policy. USA: BoD Books on Demand. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Gooby, P., Stoker, G. (2011). The coalition programme: a new vision for Britain or politics as usual?. The Political Quarterly, 82(1), pp. 4-15. Zezza, G. (2012). The impact of fiscal austerity in the Eurozone. Review of Keynesian Economics, (1), pp. 37-54. European Commission. (2015). Balance of payment statistics. Available At: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Balance_of_payment_statistics [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. European Central Bank. (2015). Balance of payments and international investment position. Available At: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/external/balance/html/index.en.html [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015].

The Crucible Essays (1185 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Lauren Seaman 9/25/00 Period E The Truth Comes Out In the play, The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, Americans face pressure to conform in the town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The witch trials bring about the hidden truths about the citizens of Salem, and in fact are not really about witchcraft. Everyone has their enemies, and the witch trials provide an outlet for the expression of the hostilities people have. In Salem, if a citizen suspects and accuses someone of something, that suspicious person is quickly thought of as guilty. Not much evidence is needed to prove someone guilty to the judges Danforth and Hathorne. Preserving the appearance of justice rather than performing actual justice is what the judges are interested in. Not only the judges but every high authority seems more interested in maintaining their reputation rather than doing the right thing. The witch trials are not really about witchcraft but instead about long-held grudges and self-confidence problems that Salemites have and the Salemites just use the tri als as an opportunity to avenge their enemies from past grudges and gain and maintain power. When Elizabeth Proctor finds out that her husband, John, is having an affair with their mischievous servant, Abigail, Elizabeth fires her. Out of jealousy, Abigail hates the well respected because she wishes she could be in Elizabeth's place since she is still in love with John. Abigail's first attempt of killing Elizabeth fails, which was convincing Tituba to concoct a charm. When the witch trials go on, Abigail sees another chance of getting Elizabeth out of the picture. In court one day, Abigail notices Mary Warren making a doll for Elizabeth. Abigail conceives the idea of sticking a needle in the doll, then sticking a needle in herself, and telling everyone she sees Elizabeth Proctor with the devil, so Elizabeth will be framed as performing witchcraft on Abigail. Her plan is successful because Cheever finds the doll with the needle in it at Elizabeth's house, and Elizabeth gets arrested. Elizabeth easily figures out what happened, but has no way of proving herself. When Elizabeth and John are arguing about Abigail's motives to framing Elizabeth, Elizabeth says ?Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. And she may dote on it now- I am sure she does- and thinks to kill me, then to take my place? It is her dearest hope, John, I know it. There be a thousand names; why does she call mineShe'd dare not call out such a farmer's wife but there be a monstrous profit in it. She thinks to take my place, John? (Act II, 61). Elizabeth sees exactly what Abigail's intention is, and tries to explain it to her husband, who knows she's right, but cannot admit it. It seems then that the witch trials are the perfect opening for people to get revenge on their enemies. Thomas Putnam has many grudges against Francis Nurse: one grudge about their acrid land dispute between Nurse and one of Putnam's relatives, and the other grudge is about how Francis Nurse prevented Putnam's brother-in-law from being elected minister of Salem. As a result of these disputes, Putnam has a deep hatred for Francis Nurse. Ann Putnam's babies have all died within a day of their birth, except for their only surviving child, Ruth. They do not know why, but they want an answer. Ann Putnam goes as far as asking Tituba to conjure the dead children's spirits so they could tell Tituba who murdered them. However, Tituba does not get an answer, but Mrs. Putnam is still dissatisfied. She needs someone to blame. Acknowledging the fact that her husband hates Francis Nurse, she eventually blames Nurse's wife, Rebecca. When Nurse and Giles come running into the Proctor household, they tell them how Cheever took both of their wives to jail. Francis Nurse says, ?My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church, Mr. Hale.? Then Hale asks what Rebecca is charged with, and Nurse replies, ?For murder, she's charged. ?For the marvelous and supernatural murder of Goody Putnam's babies.' What am I to do, Mr. Hale (Act II, 71). The Putnam's finally get their vengeance on the Nurse's since Rebecca Nurse is accused and hanged,