Reliving the Nightmare: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay examples -

Reliving the Nightmare: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After the terrorist attacks on September 11th, horrific images of the towers collapsing, survivors fleeing, and the rescue and recovery efforts inundated television viewers. In the weeks following the attacks, numerous news accounts reported increasing general anxiety among Americans, with many individuals reporting sleep difficulties and trouble concentrating. Additionally, much attention focused on the effects on those who directly witnessed and/or were injured the attacks, and whether they would suffer from post traumatic stress disorder, also known as PTSD (4). I will give a brief overview of the definition of PTSD, the neurobiology behind it, and what environmental factors may put certain people at heightened risk for developing the disorder. Post traumatic stress-disorder is an anxiety disorder which results from exposure to an event which threatens the physical safety of an individual (1). PTSD originated as a mental illness category after the Vietnam War, when veterans exhibited sets of symptoms that did not fit into any current illness categories. However, in previous wars soldiers had complained of "shell shock" or "combat fatigue," which researchers now believe were essentially the same conditions as PTSD (2). As many as thirty percent of Vietnam veterans and eight percent of Persian Gulf War veterans exhibited symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (1). Today the definition of PTSD has broadened to include not just those in combat, but people who have experienced any man-made or natural disasters, accidents, violent crime such as rape, and abuse. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, emotional detachment, ... ...ic events, as well as the co-occurrence of PTSD with other mental illnesses. WWW Sources 1)National Institute of Mental Health information sheet on PTSD. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/reliving.cfm 2)About.com website , On PTSD, with definitions and links to other web resources. http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/traumaptsd/a/trauma.htm 3) Surgeon General's Report: "Mental Health- Culture, Race, Ethnicity" . A supplement to "Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General 1999." http://www.mentalhealth.org/cre/default.asp 4) Scientific American . Article on September 11th and PTSD. http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 5) Cal State-Chico website on serotonin. http://www.csuchico.edu/psy/BioPsych/serotonin.htm 6)Anxiety Disorders Treatment Target: Amygdala Circuitry" from the ADAA 18th annual meeting. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/events/pranxst.htm

Into the World: The Story of Tom Brennan and Ort Essay

Both the novel The Story of Tom Brennan by J. C Burke and the film Forrest Gump by Robert Zemeckis explores the experiences various characters have that result in change and transition in realistic way. Both Burke and Zemeckis explore these experiences by using a variety of techniques, particularly flashbacks and many forms of imagery that relate to their fears, the way people deal with crisis and friendship in a in which the viewer can relate to them making it more realistic. In The Story of Tom Brennan, Burke explores the experiences many characters have that relate to fear and the various barriers in their lives that result in change and transition. Burke uses a metaphor when Tom describes his room as ‘a cave’ which strongly suggests the idea that as a result of his fear he changes by becoming isolated from everyone and finds it difficult to move into the world from past experiences. Burke uses an accumulation of negative memories from Tom’s perspective ‘the fear in Fin’s eyes, the empty stare of Luke, the way Nicole looked like she was sleeping’ to accentuate the negative experiences Tom has encountered and unsettle the viewer as well as to stress the difficulty he has in his transition in which the viewer can relate to. She also uses a flashback that was triggered from Tom’s memories to explore his past experiences of negative events on the night of the accident as well as create empathy in the viewer towards Tom. Likewise, in Forest Gump we are shown similar aspects of fear through the various experiences characters have had and how it results in the change and transition. In a similar sense to Burke, Zemekis uses a flashback to explore the negative experiences Jenny had as a child when she got harassed by her father. Like The Story of Tom Brennan, the flashback encourages a sense of empathy from the audience towards Jenny and explores her fear in a realistic way by allowing the viewer to connect their own fears with Jenny’s and create tension in the audience. In the present, Zemekis uses an element of familiarity when there are a series of still shots taken of Jenny and her old house which draws a remembrance between the two. The house triggers the horrors of Jenny’s childhood and suggests she finds it difficult to put away her past and move on due to her negative experiences as a child. The flashback is essential as it underlines the idea of fears causing change and effecting transition in a realistic way. Burke also explores the ways various characters deal with hardships in their lives that result in change and transition of the individual in a realistic way. The motif of black is used to symbolise the state of despair of the characters which is evident in the flashback when Tom says ‘I felt the darkness grow inside me. ’ This effectively emphasises the negative experiences Tom had encountered in the past and shows how it contributed to his feelings of despair and a change in individual. Burke uses a metaphor in ‘The St. Johns game was a hill, just another hill to climb in my journey; then life would plateau for a while’ to show a positive change in Tom’s attitude and to competently emphasise how Tom has learned to deal with difficult events due to his previous hardships, which is something many young people can link to their own lives. Burke uses listing to explore Tom’s previous experiences when he says ‘he taught me how to kick and pass, how to rise my eyebrow, how to ride a bike†¦ which develops a forgiving tone towards Daniel showing the change in Tom who previously felt despaired and distant from his brother due to his foolish and irresponsible act but now however developed and changed as a result of his positive response to his hardships. In a similar way, Zemeckis uses the same motif of black when there is a mid range shot to capture the negative change in Jenny’s life when she is using illicit drugs with her frien ds. It effectively demonstrates how her experiences have made her act this way. In contrast when Forrest has to deal with Jenny’s death, Zemekis uses a close up shot in a flashback on Forrest and his son to capture the close proximity of the two as well as to emphasise a positive change in Forrest. It also shows how Forrest’s relationship with his son is built upon through this experience by learning to proceed with his transition as an individual. During The Story of Tom Brennan, Burke explores the various friendships certain characters have between each other and how they result in change and transition for the individuals in a way that the viewer can relate to. Through the use of symbolism when Tom gives a series of photographs to Daniel, it allows Burke to explore the relationship they have between each other in the past as well as to allude to the strong friendship they once had. Despite Daniel’s reckless behaviour, Tom learns to move forward in life nd to leave the past behind. When Matt’s mother says ‘How are you Tom? How’s it going? We’ve been thinking of you’ it develops an affectionate tone towards Tom which encourages a sense of relief. This is significant as it shows how Tom’s friend and family are becoming closer with Tom in order to help him move forward despite any shame his family may have caused. The motif of hills is used to symbolise the difficulties each charac ter goes through. This metaphor is shown when Brendan is jogging with Tom to show the strong friendship they have developed as well as to symbolise how Brendan helps Tom put away his past in order to move on into the world. In a similar way, Zemeckis uses the metaphor of a tree when Forrest says ‘Jenny taught me how to climb’ which is symbolic of the strong friendship they have developed from an experience and shows how Forrest is able to proceed with his transition in life due to the help of Jenny. In flashback, when Forrest is just a kid we are shown how Jenny encourages Forrest when Zemeckis uses as tracking shot to capture how Forrest tries to run away from the kids chasing him on bicycles. The use of a slow motion shot captures the symbolism of Forrest’s leg braces breaking which stresses how Forrest has learned how to break past the things that are stopping him from moving forward in life from his transition due to the encouragement of his great friend Jenny. This is significant as it competently demonstrates to the viewer how breaking past the things that are stopping you from moving into the world can prove to be beneficial. In conclusion, Burke effectively explores the experiences humans have and shows how thy result in some sort of change or transition through the use of a variety of techniques such as flashbacks and many forms of imagery in a realistic way. Likewise, Zemeckis explores the experiences various characters have to demonstrate how they change and proceed with transition in their lives in a way in which viewers can relate to it.

Analysis the Four Idols - 1048 Words

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: ANALYSIS â€Å"THE FOUR IDOLS Francis Bacon’s in his essay named as â€Å"The Four Idols† is derived from the historical expression Novum Organum (1620). In the essay, he attempts to investigate the perception of an individual of reality based on their reasoning fallacies by extensive examples and thorough analysis. Francis Bacon has been credited through creating the scientific techniques, illustrations of this are apparent the presented literature. Bacon in his essay notes the four idols of cave, tribe, theater and marketplace are accountable for hindering the understanding of individuals of the world that surrounds them. The four idols are broken down to logical fallacies founded on: individual†¦show more content†¦Bacon (544) notes that for every person (notwithstanding the errors which are common to the human nature) has a den or a cave of their own, which discolors and refracts the light of the nature. Every person has their own preferences and tastes, and this can easily refract t heir facts perception. Moreover, Bacon (549) writes â€Å"men usually become attached to specific speculations and particular sciences. In his later years, Einstein worked is searching a correlation amid electromagnetism and gravity whilst ignoring the quantum mechanics due to the verity that it was not fitting into his nature perception. Presently, the theories of quantum mechanical theories are in essence unquestionable. This Provides a very good illustration of viewing the globe how one would prefer it rather than how it actually operates. The shortcomings of a person ought to be taken into consideration when observing nature and society. The Market place idol is illustrated as a logical hindrance that is based on language, especially word. Bacon describes the hindrances (545) to be established through the association of men with one another ad the unfit and ill words choice to a greater extent acts as an obstruction to understanding. This clearly indicates that the general populace can be misleading easily through the simple word choice that one uses in describing a specific topic. This is vital since as is seen the

Essay on Occupational Segregation - 994 Words

Occupational Segregation Since the beginning of time, from all accounts, there has been some form of inequality between genders in society. This has become especially true in the workplace and for some people occupational segregation may be to blame. Occupational segregation is the grouping of similar jobs at similar workplaces. Not to be confused with job segregation which looks at specific jobs within specific workplaces, occupational segregation focuses on the occupation as a whole. An example of an occupation would be middle school teacher. An example of a job would be 7th grade math teacher at Champion Middle School. We use occupation segregation in research because it is more broad and easier to get details. There are over 500†¦show more content†¦Finally, the pay gap is simply the obvious discrepancies between the pay of men and the pay of women, for the same job in many cases. All of these theories have explanations for the gap that seem logical. Each of the three ga ps have several breakdowns of reasons for the gap in promotion, pay and authority and I have pulled out some of the key points. The promotion gap theorizes that the gap is mainly caused by the more advanced training and education of men and the fields that men and women are typically working in. The theory is that women typically find themselves in job markets with little room for advancement. Men typically work in corporate environments with more of a job ladder and available opportunities. The authority gap explains that the gap can be attributed to women having less experience in authoritative roles so it’s harder to get that responsibility. The authority gap also states that women or people of color would have a harder time getting respect from their employees. Lastly the pay gap points out that the difference in pay can be attributed to the education and training of the employee. Facts reveal however, only one third of pay gaps show a significant difference in education or training. One thing I agree with is the fact that occupational segregation clearly exists and I don’t approve the idea of it. Unfortunately I just don’t feel that eliminating occupationalShow MoreRelatedThe Structural Inequality Between Men And Women875 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurrences in a women’s life, they are treated as an illness or something that will affect their work. They are automatically penalized for being able to conceive children, and are therefore unable to achieve equality. In addition to the occupational segregation of genders, the inequality continues in occupations where men and women work together. Women who have the same education, training, experience, skills and knowledge as men will get paid less for doing the same job. 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Cognitive Aging As Related By Race - 1796 Words

Cognitive aging is the term to describe changes in cognition with age. While Salthouse (2004) found that with cognitive aging comes cognitive decline regardless of the individual, Hayden and partners (2011) found that most (65%) elderly persons showed slow decline that does not substantially affect abilities, 27% experienced moderate decline, and only 8% showed substantial cognitive decline. These new findings show that in fact there may be individual variability when it comes to cognitive aging. One factor shown to affect cognitive aging is race (Glymour and Manly, 2008). Thus, in this paper we will review and analyze findings pertaining to cognitive aging as related by race to better understand this relationship and will also discuss suggestions for future research. According to findings from Wilson, Capuano, Sytsma, Bennett, and Barnes (2015), cognitive aging differences were apparent between black persons and white persons. 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Fiscal Policy and the Current Account

Question: Describe about the Fiscal Policy and the Current Account? Answer: Importance of International Trade to an Open Economy Such as the UK International trade plays a major role in the overall economic development of an open economy such as UK. For example, international trade enhances the domestic competitiveness and maintains the cost competitiveness in open economy. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, international trade also increase the sales, revenues and profits in the open economy by utilizing available resources effectively. At the same time, it can also be said that, international trade also helps an open economy in reducing the dependence on existing markets and stabilize seasonal market fluctuations. For example, international trade helped the UK in gaining a global market share in an effective and proper manner (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011).. Significance of Comparative Advantage Comparative Advantage is more significant and valuable because it helps the business firms and organizations in improving or enhancing their abilities to produce products or services at the lowest opportunity cost. In addition to this, it is found that, comparative advantages also provide significant opportunities to the nations or companies to investment in research development which can drive innovation and invention. Moreover, comparative advantage also encourages trade development in the nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, having comparative advantage in the current time is essential not only for the organizations but also nations for the economic and financial growth (Blanchard Milesi-Ferretti, 2012). Significance of Absolute Advantage Absolute advantages means an economy can produce an innovative and effective product at the lower cost as compare to the other nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, it is an ability of a business firm or a nation to provide and produce goods and services at the lowest price as compare to competitors by using same amount of resources. In addition to this, this also provides cost advantages or benefits to the nations or a company. Moreover, it also increases the scope of international trade in an economy effectively. For case, UK or USA can have absolute advantages over the India in producing and providing certain products or services (Baumol Blinder, A. (2010). Trade and Exchange Rates Trade: It can be defined as the transfer of ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Simply, it can be said that, it is all about direct exchange of goods as well as services for other goods and services or price. It also exits due to specialization and division of labor, Absolute Advantage, or Comparative Advantage (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). Exchange Rates: In the economics and finance, an exchange rate is also known as foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, FX rate. So, it can be said that, exchange rate is the rate between two currencies which one currency is exchanged for another. In the same way, it is the evaluation or measurement or value of a currency as compare to other. Describe the Structure of the Balance Of Payments Balance of Payment can be characterized as an efficient record of a country's financial exchanges and records among a nation and the rest of the globe during a pre-determined time-period. Simply, it is the difference between all receipts from foreign countries and all payments to foreign countries. So, that it is a process of systematic recording of financial and economic transaction of a nation with others (Stroup, 2007). The main structure of the BOP is given below: The balance of payments records all economic transactions between resident and non-resident entities during a particular time period. The EU was established on 1 November 1993 with 12 member states that have 28 member states (EU-28) in the present time. The European Union (EU) can provide mutual help to non-euro area member States if a member State is faced difficulties or seriously threatened with difficulties as regards its balance of payments. The below chart indicates the data of the balance of payments for the European Union (EU) and its Member States (European Commission, 2015). The below chart indicates the due to the global financial crisis during 2007-08 the EU balance of payment is decline or negative (account shortage) and after 2012 the balance of payment is positive means account surplus. In addition, the current account of the EU-28 was shown in the picture that was EUR 126.5 billion in 2014, representing to 0.9% of GDP (gross domestic product). In addition, in the past year (data for 2013), the current account surplus was EUR 155.5 billion that indicates the current year account surplus is decreased (European Commission, 2015). The decline current situation of account surplus and high up and down in the balance of the payment of EU indicates the risky situation of the international business. The fluctuation trend of the balance of payment of EU expresses the risky situation of the international business in the EU region. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The below picture indicates selected items of the financial account balance, 2014 (EUR billion) of the all 28 member states of the EU. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The above data indicates there were 20 EU Member States that reported current account surplus in 2014, while 8 recorded deficits. The large surplus reported by the Netherlands (10.3% of GDP), followed by Germany (7.6% of GDP), Ireland and Denmark (both 6.2% of GDP), while the largest deficits were in the United Kingdom (-5.5% of GDP) and Cyprus (-5.1% of GDP). In addition, Luxembourg (37.7% of GDP), Malta (20.4%), Croatia (16.8%) and Cyprus (15.1%) reported relatively large surpluses, while the Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland were the only EU Member States to report a current account deficit for services in 2014 (European Commission, 2015). At the same time, Ireland reported the largest surplus for goods relative to GDP (25.0%) as well as total of 17 EU Member States reported a deficit for goods, while only four Member States that reported largest surpluses for services. Surplus and deficit and the Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies Surplus and deficit: A trade surplus can be characterized as a surplus in the balance of trade and happens when the estimation of a nation's fares surpasses that of its imports. Conversely, a trade deficit is also called a trade gap that happens when imports surpass trades. Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies: Open economies, for example, UK with long term and large defect can draw in more financial specialists to purchase the bonds or put resources into the country. In Notwithstanding this, it can also expand the number of foreign investment in UK government bonds pushing up the exchange rate. Besides, it likewise assumes a noteworthy part in expanding the national sparing and subsequently upgrading the future national saving. Besides, it likewise expands the estimation of trade rates in the open economies adequately (Free, 2010). Role played by Exchange Rates in International Trade In the international trade, exchange rates play a lot of significant and more valuable roles. For case, exchange rates imply a nation expected to buy the measure of one unit of nation cash. Notwithstanding this, it is additionally found that; exchange rate plays a lot noteworthy part in the improvement and development in the worldwide exchange. For example, exchange rates assume a vital part in the economies in maintaining the balance of payment and balance of capital. Moreover, an exchange rate assumed an essential part in making an organization's fares or item less expensive than others. Then again, it is likewise examined that, exchange rate is also responsible to expanding the overall revenue or lessening the remote cost. In the same way, it can be said that, it assumed a noteworthy part in the general advancement of economies (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). The Advantages Attributed to the Adoption of a Single European currency The adaptation of a single European currency is important and beneficial in order to reduce a wide range of transactional costs and other costs effectively. For example, with a single currency, there is no more an expense included in evolving currencies. Notwithstanding this, it additionally assumed a noteworthy part in getting the advancement the business sector by advancing value straightforwardness in the business sector. Then again, it ought to likewise be noted down that, the fundamental preferences ascribed to the adjustment of single European money are: dispensing with conversion standard vulnerability. Change in swelling execution, low premium rates, advantages to the monetary division internal speculation (Baumol Blinder, 2010). The single European currency (Euro) is reduced the difficulty of the member state through the Commission and Member States is seeking medium-term financial assistance. The Member State is designed to achieve a sustainable balance of payments position through presents a draft adjustment programme in support of its application. The adjustment programme is discussed within the relevant EU bodies, so this program addresses difficulty itself to the Commission and Member States (European Central Bank, 2015). The single European currency (Euro) is seriously threatened with difficulties regarding its balance of payments. In addition, the Council takes a decision whether to grant mutual assistance to solve the difficulties as regards the member states balance of payments. In addition, European Central Bank also played major role in a settlement and invoicing currency in international trade in goods and services in EU countries. Difference between Free Trade and Protectionism Free trade is about opening markets and minimizing consumer prices. In contrast, protectionism is a significant policy of the nations that is used to protect home industries and business firms and their workers by providing subsidies for their production and imposing tariffs on competing foreign products. Additionally, free trade focuses on fostering economic growth by increasing trade for a nation. On the other hand, protectionism focuses on increase in the amount of imports. At the same time, it is also analyzed that, protectionism includes raising the price of imports via tariffs but free trade is about promoting international trade and business in the economy for the purpose of economic development and strong wealth of the nation (Stroup, 2007). Role Played by Tariffs, Quotas and Deregulation within the EU Tariffs: A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. Quotas: It can be defined as a legal quantity restriction placed on a good imported that is imposed by the domestic government. Importance of Geographic and Occupational Mobility in Wealth Creation Geographic Mobility: It has critical ramifications on the economy of a specific nation. Case in point, it assumed a noteworthy part in decreasing the unemployment by using the assets. Also, it is additionally improve the supply of work and profitability in the country that is a key for the monetary improvement and riches creation procedure of a country. Henceforth, it likewise diminishes the expenses inside of the country and gives opportunities. In this way, it can be said that, it assumes a vital part in riches creation (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011). Occupational Mobility: It also plays the major role in the wealth creation by increasing the supply of labor in particular industries. Moreover, different sources of employment can also be generated with the help of this that is essential in wealth creation. Role of the Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy EU is also known as largest political and economic union with approximate 28 member states that is located in the Europe. Moreover, it is also interpreted that, this union operates by an effective system of intergovernmental negotiated and supranational independent institutions decisions by the member states. Furthermore, there are various players in this union, these are listed as below: The Court of Justice of the European Union European Commission The European Parliament (Liebscher, 2005). The Council of the European Union The European Central Bank The Court of Auditors Moreover, the main role of Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy are discussed as below: To access the foreign markets in determining the Legitimising Policy To promote the concept of availability of goods or services at the cheaper price because of imports and increased competition (Schiek, 2012). Promoting the concepts of greater specializations and more efficient use of economic resources Promote a common understanding across member states about the barriers to integration Encouragement of free Trade Role Played by EU Directives There are various significant role played by the EU directives. For example, they play a major role in enforcing the free trade free movement and competition rules across the EU. In addition to this, they also established specific and effective common social policies, standards, rules and laws so that unemployment rate can be reduce in an effective and more significant manner. Apart from this, to provide guidelines and policies regarding the labor law, working conditions, and health and safety are also the major role played by EU directives. Hence, it can be said that, EU Directives are responsible for certain functions, and tasks within the EU (Zezza, 2012). ERDF and ESF Structure and Purpose of ERDF: The purpose of the ERDF is to help reinforce economic and social cohesion by redressing regional imbalances. This is achieved by supporting the development and structural adjustment of regional economies, including the conversion of declining industrial regions. In addition to this, it also provides direct and indirect support the the members (Liebscher, 2005). Structure and Purpose of ESF: The main aim or purpose of this organization is to support employment in the member states of the European Union as well as promoting economic and social cohesion. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, this is also responsible for the economic well being in the member counties and provides financial instruments to support the members nations in an effective and more significant manner (Tatzberger, 2008).. Profile of the EU as a Trading Bloc In the global trade, EU is one of the largest and prime organization and player in the global trading scene. The EU has achieved a strong position by acting together with one voice on the global stage, rather than with 28 separate trade strategies. The EU is the world's largest trading block. The EU is the worlds largest trader of manufactured goods and services. The EU is the top trading partner for 80 countries. By comparison the US is the top trading partner for a little over 20 countries. The EU is the most open to developing countries (Stroup, 2007). Significance of Linguistic, Cultural, Logistical and Environmental Barriers to EU Operations In the current time, there are several cultural, logistical and environmental factors or barriers that are affecting the growth and success of EU at the global level. For example, the differences in the cultural aspects and environmental due to different nations are affecting the operations of EU negatively. Moreover, religious, cross cultural communication and changes in the attitude and behavior of the members nations are also affecting the success of EU operations (Seiler, 2007). Possible EU Funding Stream European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) regional and urban development European Social Fund (ESF) social inclusion and good governance Cohesion Fund (CF) economic convergence by less-developed regions European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (Tatzberger, 2008). European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) Action Plan The list is given below: Development and implementation of new polices and standards Generating funding sources Utilization of available Resources Reduction in the operational and strategic costs References Abbas, S. A., Bouhga-Hagbe, J., Fats, A., Mauro, P., Velloso, R. C. (2011) Fiscal policy and the current account. IMF Economic Review, 59(4), pp. 603-629. Baumol, W. Blinder, A. (2010) Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy (11th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Blanchard, O., Milesi-Ferretti, G. M. (2012) (Why) Should Current Account Balances Be Reducedquest. IMF Economic Review, 60(1), pp.139-150. Free, R.C. (2010) 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook. USA: SAGE. Helpman, E., Itskhoki, O., Redding, S. (2010) Inequality and unemployment in a global economy. Econometrica, 78(4), pp. 1239-1283. Liebscher, K. (2005) European Economic Integration and South-East Europe: Challenges and Prospects. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. McEachern, W.A. (2011) Macroeconomics: A Contemporary Introduction (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Moomaw, R., Olson, K., McLean, W. Applegate, M. (2009) Economics and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Poulter, S. (2015). Oftel may end BT monopoly. Available At: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6789/b-Oftel-end-BT-monopoly-b.html[Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Riley, G. (2012). Unit 2 Macro: The UK Balance of Payments in 2011. Available At: https://beta.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/unit-2-macro-the-uk-balance-of-payments-in-2011 [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Schiek, D. (2012) Economic and Social Integration: The Challenge for EU Constitutional Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Seiler, W. (2007) Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Stroup, M. D. (2007) Economic freedom, democracy, and the quality of life. World Development, 35(1), pp. 52-66. Tatzberger, G. (2008) A Global Economic Integration Zone in Central Europe?: Vienna-Bratislava-GyÅ‘r as a Laboratory for EU Territorial Cohesion Policy. USA: BoD Books on Demand. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Gooby, P., Stoker, G. (2011). The coalition programme: a new vision for Britain or politics as usual?. The Political Quarterly, 82(1), pp. 4-15. Zezza, G. (2012). The impact of fiscal austerity in the Eurozone. Review of Keynesian Economics, (1), pp. 37-54. European Commission. (2015). Balance of payment statistics. Available At: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Balance_of_payment_statistics [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. European Central Bank. (2015). Balance of payments and international investment position. Available At: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/external/balance/html/index.en.html [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015].

The Crucible Essays (1185 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Lauren Seaman 9/25/00 Period E The Truth Comes Out In the play, The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, Americans face pressure to conform in the town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The witch trials bring about the hidden truths about the citizens of Salem, and in fact are not really about witchcraft. Everyone has their enemies, and the witch trials provide an outlet for the expression of the hostilities people have. In Salem, if a citizen suspects and accuses someone of something, that suspicious person is quickly thought of as guilty. Not much evidence is needed to prove someone guilty to the judges Danforth and Hathorne. Preserving the appearance of justice rather than performing actual justice is what the judges are interested in. Not only the judges but every high authority seems more interested in maintaining their reputation rather than doing the right thing. The witch trials are not really about witchcraft but instead about long-held grudges and self-confidence problems that Salemites have and the Salemites just use the tri als as an opportunity to avenge their enemies from past grudges and gain and maintain power. When Elizabeth Proctor finds out that her husband, John, is having an affair with their mischievous servant, Abigail, Elizabeth fires her. Out of jealousy, Abigail hates the well respected because she wishes she could be in Elizabeth's place since she is still in love with John. Abigail's first attempt of killing Elizabeth fails, which was convincing Tituba to concoct a charm. When the witch trials go on, Abigail sees another chance of getting Elizabeth out of the picture. In court one day, Abigail notices Mary Warren making a doll for Elizabeth. Abigail conceives the idea of sticking a needle in the doll, then sticking a needle in herself, and telling everyone she sees Elizabeth Proctor with the devil, so Elizabeth will be framed as performing witchcraft on Abigail. Her plan is successful because Cheever finds the doll with the needle in it at Elizabeth's house, and Elizabeth gets arrested. Elizabeth easily figures out what happened, but has no way of proving herself. When Elizabeth and John are arguing about Abigail's motives to framing Elizabeth, Elizabeth says ?Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. And she may dote on it now- I am sure she does- and thinks to kill me, then to take my place? It is her dearest hope, John, I know it. There be a thousand names; why does she call mineShe'd dare not call out such a farmer's wife but there be a monstrous profit in it. She thinks to take my place, John? (Act II, 61). Elizabeth sees exactly what Abigail's intention is, and tries to explain it to her husband, who knows she's right, but cannot admit it. It seems then that the witch trials are the perfect opening for people to get revenge on their enemies. Thomas Putnam has many grudges against Francis Nurse: one grudge about their acrid land dispute between Nurse and one of Putnam's relatives, and the other grudge is about how Francis Nurse prevented Putnam's brother-in-law from being elected minister of Salem. As a result of these disputes, Putnam has a deep hatred for Francis Nurse. Ann Putnam's babies have all died within a day of their birth, except for their only surviving child, Ruth. They do not know why, but they want an answer. Ann Putnam goes as far as asking Tituba to conjure the dead children's spirits so they could tell Tituba who murdered them. However, Tituba does not get an answer, but Mrs. Putnam is still dissatisfied. She needs someone to blame. Acknowledging the fact that her husband hates Francis Nurse, she eventually blames Nurse's wife, Rebecca. When Nurse and Giles come running into the Proctor household, they tell them how Cheever took both of their wives to jail. Francis Nurse says, ?My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church, Mr. Hale.? Then Hale asks what Rebecca is charged with, and Nurse replies, ?For murder, she's charged. ?For the marvelous and supernatural murder of Goody Putnam's babies.' What am I to do, Mr. Hale (Act II, 71). The Putnam's finally get their vengeance on the Nurse's since Rebecca Nurse is accused and hanged,